NDII
NDII
Nonconsensual distribution of intimate images (NDII) involves someone sharing or threatening to share private, sexually explicit images or videos of another person without their consent. It can include images originally obtained without consent (hacking phones, using hidden cameras, or recording sexual assaults), as well as images/videos that were initially consensually obtained (within the context of an intimate relationship) and later distributed without consent. NDII can include both real images/videos and those created with or altered using artificial intelligence (AI), also referred to as “deepfakes.” NDII may also be called: image-based sexual abuse, image abuse, non-consensual distribution of intimate images (NCII), non-consensual pornography, or revenge porn.
How does it happen?
In some cases of NDII, offenders distribute or threaten to distribute private images that were originally shared consensually, e.g. during a relationship. In others, the images may be obtained via covert behaviors such as secretly recording someone, or even created using artificial intelligence (e.g. deepfakes, nudification apps). Victims of NDII may receive threats of having images or videos of them distributed unless they pay money or perform certain acts, a behavior known as sextortion.
Laws
All forms of NDII are serious violations of privacy and can cause significant emotional harm. All 50 states have laws prohibiting NDII in some form, but the scope of these statutes differs by jurisdiction. See our map of state laws for more detailed information.
What to do
If you or someone you know is a target of NDII, you are not alone. Explore curated resources for responding to NDII below. You can also visit the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative, one of NRCC’s primary partners, for more information.
Resources
Need immediate help with nonconsensual distribution of intimate images? Explore curated resources below and see more our resource library.
Direct service for victims.
Prevent private photos from being posted on public platforms.
Generate takedown letters using a resource from Chayn.
Assess a survivor’s needs using this CCRI intake guide.